ANEP dyes are molecules that fluoresce in response to changes in electrical potential in their environment. These are fast-response probes that operate due to changes in their electronic structure and changes in their fluorescence properties in response to changes in the surrounding electric field. Their optical response is fast enough to detect transient (millisecond) changes in electrical potential in excitable cells, including single neurons, heart cells, and intact brains. However, the magnitude of their potential-dependent fluorescence changes is usually small; fast-response probes typically display 2-10% fluorescence changes per 100 mV. Furthermore, these dyes display potential-dependent changes in the excitation spectra, allowing quantitative determination of membrane potential using excitation ratio measurements.

Learn more about ionic indicators including calcium, potassium, pH and membrane potential indicators›

Potential-Sensitive ANEP Dye Specifications:
• Cationic molecules; Shows extremely low levels of internalization with good signal-to-noise ratio and can be used to visualize cholesterol-enriched lipid domains in model membranes
• Maximum excitation/emission wavelength bound to model phospholipid membranes is ∼465/635 nm (but spectra Properties highly dependent on environment)
• Does not fluoresce until bound to membrane
• Soluble in ethanol, DMSO and DMF (Di-2-ANEPEQ is a water-soluble ANEP dye)
• By using Pluronic™ F-127 Or retrograde labeling, where the stock solution is added directly to the cell culture medium, thereby introducing the dye into the cells
• Fast-response probe, suitable for detecting sub-millisecond membrane potential changes

Potential probe application
Due to K+, Na+ and Cl- concentration gradients (maintained through active transport processes), the transmembrane potential of the cytoplasmic membrane is usually about -70 mV (negative internally). Potentiometric probes provide an indirect method of detecting the translocation of these ions.

Increases and decreases in membrane potential are known as membrane hyperpolarization and depolarization, respectively, and play a central role in many physiological processes including nerve impulse propagation, muscle contraction, cell signaling, and ion channel gating. effect. Potentiometric probes are important tools for studying these processes.

Find more ANEP dyes
We offer ANEP dyes in many forms. For more information about these probes, please view the Molecular Probes™ Handbook Fast Response Probes - Section 22.2.

For scientific research use only. Not for therapeutic or diagnostic use in humans or animals.